SUBJECT · Complete Bible Study

Work

This unified study connects 6 installed resource categories without replacing their source records.

View overview sources

Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
Historical Reference: topics
Historical Reference: concordance
Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
Historical Reference: Installed reference work

885Scriptures 16Strong's 23Lexicons 3Topics 1,464Occurrences 20Ancient References 44UNLEARN Studies

FEATURED STUDY · Resource Coverage 86/100

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Study overview

Study at a glance

Subject type: Subject
Strong’s: H4566, H5652, H5647, H6468, H4567, H5673, G2039, G2041, H4399, H4639, H4865, H6467, H8665, H5950, H4659
Hebrew: מַעְבָּד · maʻbâd
Greek: ἐργασία · ergasia

Strong’s and original-language information

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מַעְבָּד

H4566

Transliteration: maʻbâd
Pronunciation: mah-bawd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work, work.

Lexicon definition

an act

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

עֲבָד

H5652

Transliteration: ʻăbâd
Pronunciation: ab-awd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work, work.

Lexicon definition

a deed

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

עָבַד

H5647

Transliteration: ʻâbad
Pronunciation: aw-bad'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 288

Glosses

work, serve, [idiom] be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, [phrase] husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become) servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er), transgress (from margin), (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper,

Lexicon definition

to work (in any sense)

by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

פְּעֻלָּה

H6468

Transliteration: pᵉʻullâh
Pronunciation: peh-ool-law'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 14

Glosses

work, recompense, labour, reward, wages, work.

Lexicon definition

(abstractly) work

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מַעֲבַד

H4567

Transliteration: maʻbâd
Pronunciation: mah-bawd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work, work.

Lexicon definition

an act

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

עֲבִידָה

H5673

Transliteration: ʻăbîydâh
Pronunciation: ab-ee-daw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 6

Glosses

work, service, affairs, service, work.

Lexicon definition

labor or business

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ἐργασία

G2039

Transliteration: ergasia
Language: Greek
Part of speech: G:N-F
Indexed occurrences: 6

Glosses

work, craft, diligence, gain, work

Lexicon definition

ἐργασία, -ας, ἡ (ἔργον), [in LXX for מְלָאכָה, עֲבֹדָה, etc. ;] __1. work, business: Act.16:16, 19 19:24-25; δὸς ἐ. (Lat. da operam), Luk.12:58. __2. working, performance: Eph.4:19.† (AS)

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ἔργον

G2041

Transliteration: ergon
Language: Greek
Part of speech: G:N-N
Indexed occurrences: 168

Glosses

work, deed, doing, labour, work

Lexicon definition

ἔργον, -ου, τό (originally Ϝέργον, work), [very frequently in LXX, chiefly for מַשֶׂה, מְלָאכָה, also for עֲבֹדָה, פֹּעַל, etc. ;] __1. work, task, employment: Mrk.13:34, Jhn.4:34 17:4, Act.13:2, Php.1:22 2:30, 1Th.5:13, al.; of an enterprise or undertaking (Deu.15:10, Wis.2:12), Act.5:38. __2. a deed, action: Tit.1:16, Jas.1:25 . listing, from λόγος, Luk.24:19, Rom.15:18, 2Th.2:17, 1Jn.3:18; ἐν λόγοις κ. ἔ., Act.7:22; of acts of God, Jhn.9:3, Act.13:41" (LXX), Heb.4:10, Rev.15:3; of Christ, Mat.11:2; esp. in Jo, e.g. 5:20, 36 7:3 10:38 14:11, 12 15:24; in ethical sense, of human actions (AR, Eph., 190), bad or good, Mat.23:3, Luk.11:48, Jhn.3:20, 21 Jas.2:14ff. 3:13, Rev.2:5 3:8; τὸ ἔ., collectively, Gal.6:4, Jas.1:4, 1Pe.1:17, Rev.22:12; τὸ ἔ. τ. νόμου, Rom.2:15; ἔ. ἀγαθόν, Rom.2:7, Col.1:10, 2Th.2:17, Tit.1:16, al.; καλόν, Mat.26:10, Mrk.14:6; pl. (as frequently in cl.), Mat.5:16, 1Ti.5:10, 25 Heb.10:24; ἔ. πίστεως, 1Th.1:3, 2Th.1:11; ἔ. πονηρά, Col.1:21, 2Jo.11; νέκρα, Heb.6:1 9:14; ἄκαρπα, Eph.5:11; ἔ. ἀσεβείας, Ju 15; τ. σκότους, Rom.13:12, Eph.5:11; ἔ. νόμου, Rom.3:20, 28 Gal.2:16 3:2, 5 10. __3. that which is wrought or made, a work: 1Co.3:13-15; τ. χειρῶν, Act.7:41; of the works of God, Heb.1:10; γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ., 2Pe.3:10; τὸ ἔ. τ. θεοῦ, Rom.14:20. (AS)

A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

Ἐργᾰσία

G2039

Transliteration: ergasía
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 6

Glosses

craft, diligence, gain, work

Lexicon definition

work, labour; in N.T., ἐργασίαν διδόναι, operam dare, to endeavour, strive, Lu. 12.58; performance, practice, Ep. 4.19; a trade, business, craft, Ac. 19.25; gain acquired by labour or trade, profit, Ac. 16.16, 19; 19.24, 25.

A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

Ἔργον

G2041

Transliteration: érgon
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 168

Glosses

deed, doing, labour, work

Lexicon definition

a work, any thing done or to be done; a deed, work, action, Jno. 3.21. Ep. 2.10. 2 Co. 9.8, et al. freq.; duty enjoined, office, charge, business, Mar. 13.34. Jno. 4.34, et al. freq.; a process, course of action, Ja. 1.4; a work, product of an action or process, Ac. 7.41. He. 1.10. et al.

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מְלָאכָה

H4399

Transliteration: mᵉlâʼkâh
Pronunciation: mel-aw-kaw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 167

Glosses

occupation, work, business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship).

Lexicon definition

properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry

generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely)

also property (as the result of labor)

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מַעֲשֶׂה

H4639

Transliteration: maʻăseh
Pronunciation: mah-as-eh'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 235

Glosses

deed, work, act, art, [phrase] bakemeat, business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making, occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, [idiom] well, (handy-, needle-, net-) work(ing, -manship), wrought.

Lexicon definition

an action (good or bad)

generally, a transaction

abstractly, activity

by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מִשְׁבְּצ(וֹ)ת

H4865

Transliteration: mishbᵉtsâh
Pronunciation: mish-bets-aw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 9

Glosses

chequered, plaited, work, settings, ouch, wrought.

Lexicon definition

a brocade

by analogy, a (reticulated) setting of agem

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

פֹּ֫עַל

H6467

Transliteration: pôʻal
Pronunciation: po'-al
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 37

Glosses

doing, deed, work, act, deed, do, getting, maker, work.

Lexicon definition

an act or work (concretely)

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

תַּשְׁבֵּץ

H8665

Transliteration: tashbêts
Pronunciation: tash-bates'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

chequered, plaited, work, broidered.

Lexicon definition

checkered stuff (as reticulated)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

מַעְבָּד

H4566

Transliteration: maʻbâd
Pronunciation: mah-bawd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work.

Lexicon definition

an act

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

עֲבָד

H5652

Transliteration: ʻăbâd
Pronunciation: ab-awd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work.

Lexicon definition

a deed

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

עֲלִילִיָּה

H5950

Transliteration: ʻălîylîyâh
Pronunciation: al-ee-lee-yaw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work.

Lexicon definition

(miraculous) execution

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

מַעְבָד

H4567

Transliteration: maʻbâd
Pronunciation: mah-bawd'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

work.

Lexicon definition

an act

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

מִפְעָל

H4659

Transliteration: miphʻâl
Pronunciation: mif-awl'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 3

Glosses

work.

Lexicon definition

a performance

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

H4399

Transliteration: mᵉlâʼkâh
Pronunciation: mel-aw-kaw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 167

Glosses

business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship).

Lexicon definition

properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry

generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely)

also property (as the result of labor)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

עֲבֹדָה

H5656

Transliteration: ʻăbôdâh
Pronunciation: ab-o-daw'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 145

Glosses

act, bondage, [phrase] bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, [idiom] wrought.

Lexicon definition

work of any kind

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

פֹּעַל

H6467

Transliteration: pôʻal
Pronunciation: po'-al
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 37

Glosses

act, deed, do, getting, maker, work.

Lexicon definition

an act or work (concretely)

Concordance

Strong's Concordance

Work

Indexed occurrences: 348

Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources

Strong's Concordance

Works

Indexed occurrences: 126

Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources

All Scripture references885 references

Genesis 33

Exodus 101

Exodus 1:13 Exodus 1:14 Exodus 3:12 Exodus 4:23 Exodus 5:4 Exodus 5:13 Exodus 5:18 Exodus 6:5 Exodus 7:16 Exodus 7:26 Exodus 8:16 Exodus 9:1 Exodus 9:13 Exodus 10:3 Exodus 10:7 Exodus 10:8 Exodus 10:11 Exodus 10:24 Exodus 10:26 Exodus 12:16 Exodus 12:31 Exodus 13:5 Exodus 14:5 Exodus 14:12 Exodus 18:20 Exodus 20:3 Exodus 20:5 Exodus 20:9 Exodus 20:10 Exodus 21:2 Exodus 21:6 Exodus 22:7 Exodus 22:10 Exodus 23:12 Exodus 23:16 Exodus 23:24 Exodus 23:25 Exodus 23:33 Exodus 24:10 Exodus 25:18 Exodus 26:1 Exodus 26:31 Exodus 26:36 Exodus 27:4 Exodus 27:16 Exodus 28:4 Exodus 28:6 Exodus 28:8 Exodus 28:11 Exodus 28:13 Exodus 28:14 Exodus 28:15 Exodus 28:22 Exodus 28:25 Exodus 28:32 Exodus 28:39 Exodus 30:25 Exodus 30:35 Exodus 31:3 Exodus 31:4 Exodus 31:5 Exodus 31:14 Exodus 31:15 Exodus 32:16 Exodus 34:10 Exodus 34:21 Exodus 35:2 Exodus 35:21 Exodus 35:24 Exodus 35:29 Exodus 35:31 Exodus 35:32 Exodus 35:33 Exodus 35:35 Exodus 36:1 Exodus 36:2 Exodus 36:3 Exodus 36:4 Exodus 36:5 Exodus 36:6 Exodus 36:7 Exodus 36:8 Exodus 36:35 Exodus 36:37 Exodus 37:29 Exodus 38:4 Exodus 38:18 Exodus 38:24 Exodus 39:3 Exodus 39:5 Exodus 39:6 Exodus 39:8 Exodus 39:13 Exodus 39:15 Exodus 39:16 Exodus 39:18 Exodus 39:22 Exodus 39:27 Exodus 39:29 Exodus 39:43 Exodus 40:33

Leviticus 21

Numbers 33

1 Kings 29

2 Kings 27

1 Chronicles 24

2 Chronicles 36

Ezra 13

Ezra 2:58 Ezra 2:69 Ezra 2:70 Ezra 3:8 Ezra 3:9 Ezra 4:24 Ezra 5:8 Ezra 6:7 Ezra 6:18 Ezra 6:22 Ezra 8:20 Ezra 9:13 Ezra 10:13

Nehemiah 24

Esther 3

Esther 3:9 Esther 9:3 Esther 10:2

Job 27

Psalms 74

Psalms 2:11 Psalms 8:4 Psalms 8:6 Psalms 8:7 Psalms 9:17 Psalms 17:4 Psalms 18:44 Psalms 19:2 Psalms 22:31 Psalms 26:7 Psalms 28:4 Psalms 28:5 Psalms 33:4 Psalms 33:15 Psalms 37:3 Psalms 44:2 Psalms 45:2 Psalms 45:14 Psalms 46:8 Psalms 49:7 Psalms 50:21 Psalms 62:13 Psalms 64:10 Psalms 66:3 Psalms 66:5 Psalms 72:11 Psalms 73:28 Psalms 75:1 Psalms 77:11 Psalms 77:13 Psalms 77:14 Psalms 78:7 Psalms 78:32 Psalms 86:8 Psalms 90:16 Psalms 90:17 Psalms 92:4 Psalms 92:5 Psalms 92:6 Psalms 95:9 Psalms 97:7 Psalms 100:2 Psalms 102:23 Psalms 102:26 Psalms 103:22 Psalms 104:13 Psalms 104:23 Psalms 104:24 Psalms 104:31 Psalms 106:13 Psalms 106:22 Psalms 106:35 Psalms 106:36 Psalms 106:39 Psalms 107:22 Psalms 107:23 Psalms 107:24 Psalms 109:20 Psalms 111:2 Psalms 111:3 Psalms 111:6 Psalms 111:7 Psalms 115:4 Psalms 118:17 Psalms 135:15 Psalms 138:8 Psalms 139:14 Psalms 141:4 Psalms 143:5 Psalms 145:4 Psalms 145:5 Psalms 145:9 Psalms 145:10 Psalms 145:17

Proverbs 21

Ecclesiastes 22

Song of Solomon 1

Song of Solomon 7:2

Isaiah 46

Jeremiah 50

Lamentations 2

Lamentations 3:64 Lamentations 4:2

Ezekiel 23

Daniel 8

Daniel 2:49 Daniel 3:12 Daniel 4:34 Daniel 4:37 Daniel 8:27 Daniel 9:14 Daniel 9:18 Daniel 12:2

Hosea 3

Hosea 12:13 Hosea 13:2 Hosea 14:4

Joel 1

Joel 3:10

Amos 5

Amos 2:14 Amos 3:5 Amos 4:2 Amos 8:1 Amos 8:7

Jonah 2

Jonah 1:8 Jonah 3:10

Micah 2

Micah 5:12 Micah 6:16

Habakkuk 4

Habakkuk 1:2 Habakkuk 1:5 Habakkuk 3:2 Habakkuk 3:17

Zephaniah 2

Zephaniah 1:18 Zephaniah 3:9

Haggai 3

Haggai 1:14 Haggai 2:14 Haggai 2:17

Zechariah 1

Zechariah 13:5

Malachi 3

Malachi 3:14 Malachi 3:17 Malachi 3:18

Matthew 10

Matthew 3:8 Matthew 3:12 Matthew 5:16 Matthew 5:20 Matthew 10:28 Matthew 11:2 Matthew 20:11 Matthew 21:28 Matthew 25:14 Matthew 25:34

Mark 5

Mark 1:16 Mark 1:20 Mark 2:5 Mark 3:29 Mark 10:17

Luke 9

Luke 1:37 Luke 3:17 Luke 5:4 Luke 10:25 Luke 13:6 Luke 14:26 Luke 17:7 Luke 19:12 Luke 22:20

John 23

Acts 8

Acts 5:31 Acts 7:41 Acts 9:36 Acts 10:4 Acts 10:38 Acts 10:41 Acts 13:39 Acts 20:9

Romans 12

Romans 2:3 Romans 2:13 Romans 3:20 Romans 3:27 Romans 3:28 Romans 4:2 Romans 4:6 Romans 5:11 Romans 8:28 Romans 9:12 Romans 9:32 Romans 11:6

1 Corinthians 5

1 Corinthians 3:6 1 Corinthians 5:6 1 Corinthians 10:31 1 Corinthians 12:6 1 Corinthians 13:1

2 Corinthians 1

2 Corinthians 9:8

Galatians 5

Galatians 2:16 Galatians 3:2 Galatians 3:10 Galatians 5:9 Galatians 6:4

Ephesians 6

Ephesians 1:11 Ephesians 2:8 Ephesians 2:9 Ephesians 2:10 Ephesians 4:12 Ephesians 4:28

Philippians 3

Philippians 1:11 Philippians 2:13 Philippians 3:3

Colossians 4

Colossians 1:10 Colossians 2:20 Colossians 3:22 Colossians 3:25

1 Thessalonians 1

1 Thessalonians 1:3

2 Thessalonians 2

2 Thessalonians 2:17 2 Thessalonians 3:10

1 Timothy 2

1 Timothy 2:10 1 Timothy 6:18

2 Timothy 2

2 Timothy 1:9 2 Timothy 2:21

Titus 7

Titus 1:8 Titus 2:7 Titus 2:10 Titus 2:14 Titus 3:1 Titus 3:4 Titus 3:14

Hebrews 9

Hebrews 2:3 Hebrews 3:9 Hebrews 4:3 Hebrews 4:4 Hebrews 6:1 Hebrews 6:2 Hebrews 6:9 Hebrews 6:10 Hebrews 9:14

James 6

James 1:22 James 1:25 James 2:10 James 2:14 James 2:18 James 3:2

1 Peter 1

1 Peter 2:12

2 Peter 1

2 Peter 3:10

1 John 3

1 John 1:6 1 John 1:8 1 John 4:7

Revelation 5

Revelation 2:6 Revelation 9:20 Revelation 14:10 Revelation 14:13 Revelation 15:3

Topical Bible

Nave's Topical Bible

WORK

Entry:

Nave’s Topical Bible references for WORK.

Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources

Nave's Topical Bible

WORKS

Entry:

Nave’s Topical Bible references for WORKS.

Indexed references: 62

Scripture references:

Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources

Nave's Topical Bible

Work

Indexed references: 10

Scripture references:

Pro 16:3 1Co 10:31 Pro 18:9 Gen 2:15 Eph 4:28 2Th 3:10 Col 3:22–24 Pro 14:23 Luk 1:37 Joh 6:27

Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources

Sources

Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
Historical Reference: topics
Historical Reference: concordance
Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
Historical Reference: Installed reference work

Ancient Context20 items

Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Concerning The Sons Of Isaac, Esau And Jacob; Of Their Nativity And Education.

Antiquities Book 1, Chapter 18

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Moses Ascended Up To Mount Sinai, And Received Laws From God, And Delivered Them To The Hebrews.

Antiquities Book 3, Chapter 5

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Concerning The Tabernacle Which Moses Built In The Wilderness For The Honor Of God And Which Seemed To Be A Temple.

Antiquities Book 3, Chapter 6

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Of The Priesthood Of Aaron.

Antiquities Book 3, Chapter 8

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Moses Sent Some Persons To Search Out The Land Of The Canaanites, And The Largeness Of Their Cities; And Further That When Those Who Were Sent Were Returned, After Forty Days And Reported That They Should Not Be A Match For Them, And Extolled The Strength Of The Canaanites The Multitude Were Disturbed And Fell Into Despair; And Were Resolved To Stone Moses, And To Return Back Again Into Egypt, And Serve The Egyptians.

Antiquities Book 3, Chapter 14

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

The Polity Settled By Moses; And How He Disappeared From Among Mankind.

Antiquities Book 4, Chapter 8

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

That David Made Great Preparations For The House Of God; And That, Upon Adonijah's Attempt To Gain The Kingdom, He Appointed Solomon To Reign.

Antiquities Book 7, Chapter 14

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Concerning The Wife Of Solomon; Concerning His Wisdom And Riches; And Concerning What He Obtained Of Hiram For The Building Of The Temple.

Antiquities Book 8, Chapter 2

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Of The Building Of This Temple

Antiquities Book 8, Chapter 3

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Amon Reigned Instead Of Manasseh; And After Amon Reigned Josiah; He Was Both Righteous And Religious. As Also Concerning Huldah The Prophetess.

Antiquities Book 10, Chapter 4

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Concerning Nebuchadnezzar And His Successors And How Their Government Was Dissolved By The Persians; And What Things Befell Daniel In Media; And What Prophecies He Delivered There.

Antiquities Book 10, Chapter 11

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How The Temple Was Built While The Cutheans Endeavored In Vain To Obstruct The Work.

Antiquities Book 11, Chapter 4

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Xerxes The Son Of Darius Was Well Disposed To The Jews; As Also Concerning Esdras And Nehemiah.

Antiquities Book 11, Chapter 5

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Ptolemy Philadelphus Procured The Laws Of The Jews To Be Translated Into The Greek Tongue And Set Many Captives Free, And Dedicated Many Gifts To God.

Antiquities Book 12, Chapter 2

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How The Kings Of Asia Honored The Nation Of The Jews And Made Them Citizens Of Those Cities Which They Built.

Antiquities Book 12, Chapter 3

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Jonathan Was Slain By Treachery; And How Thereupon The Jews Made Simon Their General And High Priest: What Courageous Actions He Also Performed Especially Against Trypho.

Antiquities Book 13, Chapter 6

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Herod Sailed Out Of Italy To Judea, And Fought With Antigonus And What Other Things Happened In Judea About That Time.

Antiquities Book 14, Chapter 15

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

Concerning The Famine That Happened In Judea And Syria; And How Herod, After He Had Married Another Wife, Rebuilt Cæsarea, And Other Grecian Cities.

Antiquities Book 15, Chapter 9

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Herod Rebuilt The Temple And Raised It Higher And Made It More Magnificent Than It Was Before; As Also Concerning That Tower Which He Called Antonia.

Antiquities Book 15, Chapter 11

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

What Befell The Jews That Were In Babylon On Occasion Of Asineus And Anileus, Two Brethren.

Antiquities Book 18, Chapter 9

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Are You Accidentally Breaking the Sabbath?

Should Christians avoid all work on the Sabbath? Or is there more to God’s commandment than meets the eye? In this teaching, we address common misconceptions about the Sabbath and ex…

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Case File

If You Don’t Work, You Don’t Eat

I'm gonna be brutally honest with you today. You might not like what I have to say, but you need to hear it anyway. We live in a world of lazy people who feel entitled. They think they…

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Topic

BEATEN WORK

Nave’s Topical Bible references for BEATEN WORK.

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Topic

OPPORTUNITY AND WORKS

Nave’s Topical Bible references for OPPORTUNITY AND WORKS.

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Topic

WORK

Nave’s Topical Bible references for WORK.

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Topic

WORKS

Nave’s Topical Bible references for WORKS.

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Dictionary

Asiel

the work of God

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Dictionary

Bake-meats

Baked provisions (Gen. 40:17), literally "works of the baker," such as biscuits and cakes.

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Dictionary

Beaten gold

In Num. 8:4, means "turned" or rounded work in gold. The Greek Version, however, renders the word "solid gold;" the Revised Version, "beaten work of gold." In 1 Kings 10:16, 17, it probably means "mixed" gold, as the word ought to be rendered, i.e., not pure gold. Others render the word in these places "thin plates of gold."

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Dictionary

Cage

(Heb. kelub', Jer. 5:27, marg. "coop;" rendered "basket" in Amos 8:1), a basket of wicker-work in which birds were placed after being caught. In Rev. 18:2 it is the rendering of the Greek phulake, properly a prison or place of confinement.

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Dictionary

Calkers

Workmen skilled in stopping the seams of the deck or sides of vessels. The inhabitants of Gebel were employed in such work on Tyrian vessels (Ezek. 27:9, 27; marg., "strengtheners" or "stoppers of chinks").

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Dictionary

Casement

A barrier of open-work placed before windows (Prov. 7:6). In Judg. 5:28 the Hebrew word is rendered "lattice," in the LXX. "network," an opening through which cool air is admitted.

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Chosen

Spoken of warriors (Ex. 15:4; Judg. 20:16), of the Hebrew nation (Ps. 105:43; Deut. 7:7), of Jerusalem as the seat of the temple (1 Kings 11:13). Christ is the "chosen" of God (Isa. 42:1); and the apostles are "chosen" for their work (Acts 10:41). It is said with regard to those who do not profit by their opportunities that "many are called, but few are chosen" (Matt. 20:16). (See [114]ELECTION.)

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Conduit

A water-course or channel (Job 38:25). The "conduit of the upper pool" (Isa. 7:3) was formed by Hezekiah for the purpose of conveying the waters from the upper pool in the valley of Gihon to the west side of the city of David (2 Kings 18:17; 20:20; 2 Chr. 32:30). In carrying out this work he stopped "the waters of the fountains which were without the city" i.e., "the upper water-course of Gihon", and conveyed it down from the west through a canal into the city, so that in case of a siege the inhabitants of the city might have a supply of water, which would thus be withdrawn from the enemy. (See [123]SILOAM.) There are also the remains of a conduit which conducted water from the so-called "Pools of Solomon," beyond Bethlehem, into the city. Water is still conveyed into the city from the fountains which supplied these pools by a channel which crosses the valley of Hinnom.

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Creation

"In the beginning" God created, i.e., called into being, all things out of nothing. This creative act on the part of God was absolutely free, and for infinitely wise reasons. The cause of all things exists only in the will of God. The work of creation is attributed (1) to the Godhead (Gen. 1:1, 26); (2) to the Father (1 Cor. 8:6); (3) to the Son (John 1:3; Col. 1:16, 17); (4) to the Holy Spirit (Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13; Ps. 104:30). The fact that he is the Creator distinguishes Yahweh as the true God (Isa. 37:16; 40:12, 13; 54:5; Ps. 96:5; Jer. 10:11, 12). The one great end in the work of creation is the manifestation of the glory of the Creator (Col. 1:16; Rev. 4:11; Rom. 11:36). God's works, equally with God's word, are a revelation from him; and between the teachings of the one and those of the other, when rightly understood, there can be no contradiction. Traditions of the creation, disfigured by corruptions, are found among the records of ancient Eastern nations. (See [132]ACCAD.) A peculiar interest belongs to the traditions of the Accadians, the primitive inhabitants of the plains of Lower Mesopotamia. These within the last few years have been brought to light in the tablets and cylinders which have been rescued from the long-buried palaces and temples of Assyria. They bear a remarkable resemblance to the record of Genesis.

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Elpaal

God's work

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Forgiveness of sin

One of the constituent parts of justification. In pardoning sin, God absolves the sinner from the condemnation of the law, and that on account of the work of Christ, i.e., he removes the guilt of sin, or the sinner's actual liability to eternal wrath on account of it. All sins are forgiven freely (Acts 5:31; 13:38; 1 John 1:6-9). The sinner is by this act of grace for ever freed from the guilt and penalty of his sins. This is the peculiar prerogative of God (Ps. 130:4; Mark 2:5). It is offered to all in the gospel. (See [219]JUSTIFICATION.)

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Gallery

(1.) Heb. attik (Ezek. 41:15, 16), a terrace; a projection; ledge. (2.) Heb. rahit (Cant. 1:17), translated "rafters," marg. "galleries;" probably panel-work or fretted ceiling.

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Graving

(1.) Heb. hatsabh. Job 19:24, rendered "graven," but generally means hewn stone or wood, in quarry or forest. (2.) Heb. harush. Jer. 17:1, rendered "graven," and indicates generally artistic work in metal, wood, and stone, effected by fine instruments. (3.) Heb. haqaq. Ezek. 4:1, engraving a plan or map, rendered "pourtray;" Job 19:23, "written." (4.) Heb. pasal points rather to the sculptor's or the carver's art (Isa. 30:22; 40:19; 41:7; 44:12-15). (5.) Pathah refers to intaglio work, the cutting and engraving of precious stones (Ex. 28:9-11, 21; Zech. 3:9; Cant. 1:10, 11). (6.) Heret. In Ex. 32:4 rendered "graving tool;" and in Isa. 8:1, "a pen."

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Hatred

Among the works of the flesh (Gal. 5:20). Altogether different is the meaning of the word in Deut. 21:15; Matt. 6:24; Luke 14:26; Rom. 9:13, where it denotes only a less degree of love.

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Hireling

A labourer employed on hire for a limited time (Job 7:1; 14:6; Mark 1:20). His wages were paid as soon as his work was over (Lev. 19:13). In the time of our Lord a day's wage was a "penny" (q.v.) i.e., a Roman denarius (Matt. 20:1-14).

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Holiness

In the highest sense belongs to God (Isa. 6:3; Rev. 15:4), and to Christians as consecrated to God's service, and in so far as they are conformed in all things to the will of God (Rom. 6:19, 22; Eph. 1:4; Titus 1:8; 1 Pet. 1:15). Personal holiness is a work of gradual development. It is carried on under many hindrances, hence the frequent admonitions to watchfulness, prayer, and perseverance (1 Cor. 1:30; 2 Cor. 7:1; Eph. 4:23, 24). (See [280]SANCTIFICATION.)

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Hook

(1.) Heb. hah, a "ring" inserted in the nostrils of animals to which a cord was fastened for the purpose of restraining them (2 Kings 19:28; Isa. 37:28, 29; Ezek. 29:4; 38:4). "The Orientals make use of this contrivance for curbing their work-beasts...When a beast becomes unruly they have only to draw the cord on one side, which, by stopping his breath, punishes him so effectually that after a few repetitions he fails not to become quite tractable whenever he begins to feel it" (Michaelis). So God's agents are never beyond his control. (2.) Hakkah, a fish "hook" (Job 41:2, Heb. Text, 40:25; Isa. 19:8; Hab. 1:15). (3.) Vav, a "peg" on which the curtains of the tabernacle were hung (Ex. 26:32). (4.) Tsinnah, a fish-hooks (Amos 4:2). (5.) Mazleg, flesh-hooks (1 Sam. 2:13, 14), a kind of fork with three teeth for turning the sacrifices on the fire, etc. (6.) Mazmeroth, pruning-hooks (Isa. 2:4; Joel 3:10). (7.) Agmon (Job 41:2, Heb. Text 40:26), incorrectly rendered in the Authorized Version. Properly a rush-rope for binding animals, as in Revised Version margin.

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Inspiration

That extraordinary or supernatural divine influence vouchsafed to those who wrote the Holy Scriptures, rendering their writings infallible. "All scripture is given by inspiration of God" (R.V., "Every scripture inspired of God"), 2 Tim. 3:16. This is true of all the "sacred writings," not in the sense of their being works of genius or of supernatural insight, but as "theopneustic," i.e., "breathed into by God" in such a sense that the writers were supernaturally guided to express exactly what God intended them to express as a revelation of his mind and will. The testimony of the sacred writers themselves abundantly demonstrates this truth; and if they are infallible as teachers of doctrine, then the doctrine of plenary inspiration must be accepted. There are no errors in the Bible as it came from God, none have been proved to exist. Difficulties and phenomena we cannot explain are not errors. All these books of the Old and New Testaments are inspired. We do not say that they contain, but that they are, the Word of God. The gift of inspiration rendered the writers the organs of God, for the infallible communication of his mind and will, in the very manner and words in which it was originally given. As to the nature of inspiration we have no information. This only we know, it rendered the writers infallible. They were all equally inspired, and are all equally infallible. The inspiration of the sacred writers did not change their characters. They retained all their individual peculiarities as thinkers or writers. (See [293]BIBLE; WORD OF [294]GOD.)

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Jaasiel

God's work

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Lattice

(1.) Heb. eshnabh, a latticed opening through which the cool breeze passes (Judg. 5:28). The flat roofs of the houses were sometimes enclosed with a parapet of lattice-work on wooden frames, to screen the women of the house from the gaze of the neighbourhood. (2.) Heb. harakim, the network or lattice of a window (Cant. 2:9). (3.) Heb. sebakhah, the latticed balustrade before a window or balcony (2 Kings 1:2). The lattice window is frequently used in Eastern countries.

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Levy

(1 Kings 4:6, R.V.; 5:13), forced service. The service of tributaries was often thus exacted by kings. Solomon raised a "great levy" of 30,000 men, about two per cent. of the population, to work for him by courses on Lebanon. Adoram (12:18) presided over this forced labour service (Ger. Frohndienst; Fr. corvee).

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Maaseiah

the work of the Lord

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Net

In use among the Hebrews for fishing, hunting, and fowling. The fishing-net was probably constructed after the form of that used by the Egyptians (Isa. 19:8). There were three kinds of nets. (1.) The drag-net or hauling-net (Gr. sagene), of great size, and requiring many men to work it. It was usually let down from the fishing-boat, and then drawn to the shore or into the boat, as circumstances might require (Matt. 13:47, 48). (2.) The hand-net or casting-net (Gr. amphiblestron), which was thrown from a rock or a boat at any fish that might be seen (Matt. 4:18; Mark 1:16). It was called by the Latins funda. It was of circular form, "like the top of a tent." (3.) The bag-net (Gr. diktyon), used for enclosing fish in deep water (Luke 5:4-9). The fowling-nets were (1) the trap, consisting of a net spread over a frame, and supported by a stick in such a way that it fell with the slightest touch (Amos 3:5, "gin;" Ps. 69:22; Job 18:9; Eccl. 9:12). (2) The snare, consisting of a cord to catch birds by the leg (Job 18:10; Ps. 18:5; 116:3; 140:5). (3.) The decoy, a cage filled with birds as decoys (Jer. 5:26, 27). Hunting-nets were much in use among the Hebrews.

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Nethinim

The name given to the hereditary temple servants in all the post-Exilian books of Scripture. The word means given, i.e., "those set apart", viz., to the menial work of the sanctuary for the Levites. The name occurs seventeen times, and in each case in the Authorized Version incorrectly terminates in "s", "Nethinims;" in the Revised Version, correctly without the "s" (Ezra 2:70; 7:7, 24; 8:20, etc.). The tradition is that the Gibeonites (Josh. 9:27) were the original caste, afterwards called Nethinim. Their numbers were added to afterwards from captives taken in battle; and they were formally given by David to the Levites (Ezra 8:20), and so were called Nethinim, i.e., the given ones, given to the Levites to be their servants. Only 612 Nethinim returned from Babylon (Ezra 2:58; 8:20). They were under the control of a chief from among themselves (2:43; Neh. 7:46). No reference to them appears in the New Testament, because it is probable that they became merged in the general body of the Jewish people.

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New Testament

(Luke 22:20), rather "New Covenant," in contrast to the old covenant of works, which is superseded. "The covenant of grace is called new; it succeeds to the old broken covenant of works. It is ever fresh, flourishing, and excellent; and under the gospel it is dispensed in a more clear, spiritual, extensive, and powerful manner than of old" (Brown of Haddington). Hence is derived the name given to the latter portion of the Bible. (See [438]TESTAMENT.)

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Peulthai

my works

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Reconcilation

A change from enmity to friendship. It is mutual, i.e., it is a change wrought in both parties who have been at enmity. (1.) In Col. 1:21, 22, the word there used refers to a change wrought in the personal character of the sinner who ceases to be an enemy to God by wicked works, and yields up to him his full confidence and love. In 2 Cor. 5:20 the apostle beseeches the Corinthians to be "reconciled to God", i.e., to lay aside their enmity. (2.) Rom. 5:10 refers not to any change in our disposition toward God, but to God himself, as the party reconciled. Romans 5:11 teaches the same truth. From God we have received "the reconciliation" (R.V.), i.e., he has conferred on us the token of his friendship. So also 2 Cor. 5:18, 19 speaks of a reconciliation originating with God, and consisting in the removal of his merited wrath. In Eph. 2:16 it is clear that the apostle does not refer to the winning back of the sinner in love and loyalty to God, but to the restoration of God's forfeited favour. This is effected by his justice being satisfied, so that he can, in consistency with his own nature, be favourable toward sinners. Justice demands the punishment of sinners. The death of Christ satisfies justice, and so reconciles God to us. This reconciliation makes God our friend, and enables him to pardon and save us. (See [523]ATONEMENT.)

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Rest

(1.) Gr. katapausis, equivalent to the Hebrew word noah (Heb. 4:1). (2.) Gr. anapausis, "rest from weariness" (Matt. 11:28). (3.) Gr. anesis, "relaxation" (2 Thess. 1:7). (4.) Gr. sabbatismos, a Sabbath rest, a rest from all work (Heb. 4:9; R.V., "sabbath"), a rest like that of God when he had finished the work of creation.

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Sanctification

Involves more than a mere moral reformation of character, brought about by the power of the truth: it is the work of the Holy Spirit bringing the whole nature more and more under the influences of the new gracious principles implanted in the soul in regeneration. In other words, sanctification is the carrying on to perfection the work begun in regeneration, and it extends to the whole man (Rom. 6:13; 2 Cor. 4:6; Col. 3:10; 1 John 4:7; 1 Cor. 6:19). It is the special office of the Holy Spirit in the plan of redemption to carry on this work (1 Cor. 6:11; 2 Thess. 2:13). Faith is instrumental in securing sanctification, inasmuch as it (1) secures union to Christ (Gal. 2:20), and (2) brings the believer into living contact with the truth, whereby he is led to yield obedience "to the commands, trembling at the threatenings, and embracing the promises of God for this life and that which is to come." Perfect sanctification is not attainable in this life (1 Kings 8:46; Prov. 20:9; Eccl. 7:20; James 3:2; 1 John 1:8). See Paul's account of himself in Rom. 7:14-25; Phil. 3:12-14; and 1 Tim. 1:15; also the confessions of David (Ps. 19:12, 13; 51), of Moses (90:8), of Job (42:5, 6), and of Daniel (9:3-20). "The more holy a man is, the more humble, self-renouncing, self-abhorring, and the more sensitive to every sin he becomes, and the more closely he clings to Christ. The moral imperfections which cling to him he feels to be sins, which he laments and strives to overcome. Believers find that their life is a constant warfare, and they need to take the kingdom of heaven by storm, and watch while they pray. They are always subject to the constant chastisement of their Father's loving hand, which can only be designed to correct their imperfections and to confirm their graces. And it has been notoriously the fact that the best Christians have been those who have been the least prone to claim the attainment of perfection for themselves.", Hodge's Outlines.

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Saviour

One who saves from any form or degree of evil. In its highest sense the word indicates the relation sustained by our Lord to his redeemed ones, he is their Saviour. The great message of the gospel is about salvation and the Saviour. It is the "gospel of salvation." Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ secures to the sinner a personal interest in the work of redemption. Salvation is redemption made effectual to the individual by the power of the Holy Spirit.

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Sitting

The attitude generally assumed in Palestine by those who were engaged in any kind of work. "The carpenter saws, planes, and hews with his hand-adze, sitting on the ground or upon the plank he is planning. The washerwoman sits by the tub; and, in a word, no one stands when it is possible to sit. Shopkeepers always sit, and Levi sitting at the receipt of custom (Matt. 9:9) is the exact way to state the case.", Thomson, Land and Book.

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Spider

The trust of the hypocrite is compared to the spider's web or house (Job 8:14). It is said of the wicked by Isaiah that they "weave the spider's web" (59:5), i.e., their works and designs are, like the spider's web, vain and useless. The Hebrew word here used is 'akkabish, "a swift weaver." In Prov. 30:28 a different Hebrew word (semamith) is used. It is rendered in the Vulgate by stellio, and in the Revised Version by "lizard." It may, however, represent the spider, of which there are, it is said, about seven hundred species in Palestine.

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Version

A translation of the holy Scriptures. This word is not found in the Bible, nevertheless, as frequent references are made in this work to various ancient as well as modern versions, it is fitting that some brief account should be given of the most important of these. These versions are important helps to the right interpretation of the Word. (See SAMARITAN [653]PENTATEUCH.) 1. The Targums. After the return from the Captivity, the Jews, no longer familiar with the old Hebrew, required that their Scriptures should be translated for them into the Chaldaic or Aramaic language and interpreted. These translations and paraphrases were at first oral, but they were afterwards reduced to writing, and thus targums, i.e., "versions" or "translations", have come down to us. The chief of these are, (1.) The Onkelos Targum, i.e., the targum of Akelas=Aquila, a targum so called to give it greater popularity by comparing it with the Greek translation of Aquila mentioned below. This targum originated about the second century after Christ. (2.) The targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel comes next to that of Onkelos in respect of age and value. It is more a paraphrase on the Prophets, however, than a translation. Both of these targums issued from the Jewish school which then flourished at Babylon. 2. The Greek Versions. (1.) The oldest of these is the Septuagint, usually quoted as the LXX. The origin of this the most important of all the versions is involved in much obscurity. It derives its name from the popular notion that seventy-two translators were employed on it by the direction of Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, and that it was accomplished in seventy-two days, for the use of the Jews residing in that country. There is no historical warrant for this notion. It is, however, an established fact that this version was made at Alexandria; that it was begun about 280 B.C., and finished about 200 or 150 B.C.; that it was the work of a number of translators who differed greatly both in their knowledge of Hebrew and of Greek; and that from the earliest times it has borne the name of "The Septuagint", i.e., The Seventy. "This version, with all its defects, must be of the greatest interest, (a) as preserving evidence for the text far more ancient than the oldest Hebrew manuscripts; (b) as the means by which the Greek Language was wedded to Hebrew thought; (c) as the source of the great majority of quotations from the Old Testament by writers of the New Testament. (2.) The New Testament manuscripts fall into two divisions, Uncials, written in Greek capitals, with no distinction at all between the different words, and very little even between the different lines; and Cursives, in small Greek letters, and with divisions of words and lines. The change between the two kinds of Greek writing took place about the tenth century. Only five manuscripts of the New Testament approaching to completeness are more ancient than this dividing date. The first, numbered A, is the Alexandrian manuscript. Though brought to this country by Cyril Lucar, patriarch of Constantinople, as a present to Charles I., it is believed that it was written, not in that capital, but in Alexandria; whence its title. It is now dated in the fifth century A.D. The second, known as B, is the Vatican manuscript. (See [654]VATICANUS.) The Third, C, or the Ephraem manuscript, was so called because it was written over the writings of Ephraem, a Syrian theological author, a practice very common in the days when writing materials were scarce and dear. It is believed that it belongs to the fifth century, and perhaps a slightly earlier period of it than the manuscript A. The fourth, D, or the manuscript of Beza, was so called because it belonged to the reformer Beza, who found it in the monastery of St. Irenaeus at Lyons in 1562 A.D. It is imperfect, and is dated in the sixth century. The fifth (called Aleph) is the Sinaitic manuscript. (See [655]SINAITICUS.) 3. The Syriac Versions. (See [656]SYRIAC.) 4. The Latin Versions. A Latin version of the Scriptures, called the "Old Latin," which originated in North Africa, was in common use in the time of Tertullian (A.D. 150). Of this there appear to have been various copies or recensions made. That made in Italy, and called the Itala, was reckoned the most accurate. This translation of the Old Testament seems to have been made not from the original Hebrew but from the LXX. This version became greatly corrupted by repeated transcription, and to remedy the evil Jerome (A.D. 329-420) was requested by Damasus, the bishop of Rome, to undertake a complete revision of it. It met with opposition at first, but was at length, in the seventh century, recognized as the "Vulgate" version. It appeared in a printed from about A.D. 1455, the first book that ever issued from the press. The Council of Trent (1546) declared it "authentic." It subsequently underwent various revisions, but that which was executed (1592) under the sanction of Pope Clement VIII. was adopted as the basis of all subsequent editions. It is regarded as the sacred original in the Roman Catholic Church. All modern European versions have been more or less influenced by the Vulgate. This version reads ipsa_ instead of _ipse in Gen. 3:15, "She shall bruise thy head." 5. There are several other ancient versions which are of importance for Biblical critics, but which we need not mention particularly, such as the Ethiopic, in the fourth century, from the LXX.; two Egyptian versions, about the fourth century, the Memphitic, circulated in Lower Egypt, and the Thebaic, designed for Upper Egypt, both from the Greek; the Gothic, written in the German language, but with the Greek alphabet, by Ulphilas (died A.D. 388), of which only fragments of the Old Testament remain; the Armenian, about A.D. 400; and the Slavonic, in the ninth century, for ancient Moravia. Other ancient versions, as the Arabic, the Persian, and the Anglo-Saxon, may be mentioned. 6. The history of the English versions begins properly with Wyckliffe. Portions, however, of the Scriptures were rendered into Saxon (as the Gospel according to John, by Bede, A.D. 735), and also into English (by Orme, called the "Ormulum," a portion of the Gospels and of the Acts in the form of a metrical paraphrase, toward the close of the seventh century), long before Wyckliffe; but it is to him that the honour belongs of having first rendered the whole Bible into English (A.D. 1380). This version was made from the Vulgate, and renders Gen. 3:15 after that Version, "She shall trede thy head." This was followed by Tyndale's translation (1525-1531); Miles Coverdale's (1535-1553); Thomas Matthew's (1537), really, however, the work of John Rogers, the first martyr under the reign of Queen Mary. This was properly the first Authorized Version, Henry VIII. having ordered a copy of it to be got for every church. This took place in less than a year after Tyndale was martyred for the crime of translating the Scriptures. In 1539 Richard Taverner published a revised edition of Matthew's Bible. The Great Bible, so called from its great size, called also Cranmer's Bible, was published in 1539 and 1568. In the strict sense, the "Great Bible" is "the only authorized version; for the Bishops' Bible and the present Bible [the A.V.] never had the formal sanction of royal authority." Next in order was the Geneva version (1557-1560); the Bishops' Bible (1568); the Rheims and Douai versions, under Roman Catholic auspices (1582, 1609); the Authorized Version (1611); and the Revised Version of the New Testament in 1880 and of the Old Testament in 1884.

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Weaving, weavers

Weaving was an art practised in very early times (Ex. 35:35). The Egyptians were specially skilled in it (Isa. 19:9; Ezek. 27:7), and some have regarded them as its inventors. In the wilderness, the Hebrews practised it (Ex. 26:1, 8; 28:4, 39; Lev. 13:47). It is referred to in subsequent times as specially the women's work (2 Kings 23:7; Prov. 31:13, 24). No mention of the loom is found in Scripture, but we read of the "shuttle" (Job 7:6), "the pin" of the beam (Judg. 16:14), "the web" (13, 14), and "the beam" (1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 21:19). The rendering, "with pining sickness," in Isa. 38:12 (A.V.) should be, as in the Revised Version, "from the loom," or, as in the margin, "from the thrum." We read also of the "warp" and "woof" (Lev. 13:48, 49, 51-53, 58, 59), but the Revised Version margin has, instead of "warp," "woven or knitted stuff."

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Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the "windows of heaven" (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered "battlements" (LXX., "bulwarks;" R.V., "pinnacles"), or as Gesenius renders it, "notched battlements, i.e., suns or rays of the sun"= having a radiated appearance like the sun.

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Witness of the Spirit

(Rom. 8:16), the consciousness of the gracious operation of the Spirit on the mind, "a certitude of the Spirit's presence and work continually asserted within us", manifested "in his comforting us, his stirring us up to prayer, his reproof of our sins, his drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world," etc.

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Works, Covenant of

Entered into by God with Adam as the representative of the human race (comp. Gen. 9:11, 12; 17:1-21), so styled because perfect obedience was its condition, thus distinguishing it from the covenant of grace. (See COVENANT OF [672]WORKS.)

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Works, Good

The old objection against the doctrine of salvation by grace, that it does away with the necessity of good works, and lowers the sense of their importance (Rom. 6), although it has been answered a thousand times, is still alleged by many. They say if men are not saved by works, then works are not necessary. If the most moral of men are saved in the same way as the very chief of sinners, then good works are of no moment. And more than this, if the grace of God is most clearly displayed in the salvation of the vilest of men, then the worse men are the better. The objection has no validity. The gospel of salvation by grace shows that good works are necessary. It is true, unchangeably true, that without holiness no man shall see the Lord. "Neither adulterers, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards" shall inherit the kingdom of God. Works are "good" only when, (1) they spring from the principle of love to God. The moral character of an act is determined by the moral principle that prompts it. Faith and love in the heart are the essential elements of all true obedience. Hence good works only spring from a believing heart, can only be wrought by one reconciled to God (Eph. 2:10; James 2:18:22). (2.) Good works have the glory of God as their object; and (3) they have the revealed will of God as their only rule (Deut. 12:32; Rev. 22:18, 19). Good works are an expression of gratitude in the believer's heart (John 14:15, 23; Gal. 5:6). They are the fruits of the Spirit (Titus 2:10-12), and thus spring from grace, which they illustrate and strengthen in the heart. Good works of the most sincere believers are all imperfect, yet like their persons they are accepted through the mediation of Jesus Christ (Col. 3:17), and so are rewarded; they have no merit intrinsically, but are rewarded wholly of grace.

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Concordance

Work

Works

Genesis 33

Exodus 101

Leviticus 21

Numbers 33

Deuteronomy 54

Joshua 16

Judges 18

Ruth 1

1 Samuel 16

2 Samuel 6

1 Kings 29

2 Kings 27

1 Chronicles 24

2 Chronicles 36

Ezra 13

Nehemiah 24

Esther 3

Job 27

Psalms 74

Proverbs 21

Ecclesiastes 22

Song of Solomon 1

Isaiah 46

Jeremiah 50

Lamentations 2

Ezekiel 23

Daniel 8

Hosea 3

Joel 1