SUBJECT · Complete Bible Study

Ruler

This unified study connects 7 installed resource categories without replacing their source records.

View overview sources

Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
Historical Reference: concordance
Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
Historical Reference: Installed reference work
UNLEARN Synthesis: UNLEARN reviewed seed connections

565Scriptures 20Strong's 25Lexicons 2Topics 4,127Occurrences 5Ancient References 18UNLEARN Studies 1Connections

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Study overview

Study at a glance

Subject type: Subject
Strong’s: H7984, G0758, G1413, G2232, G2888, H4474, H5057, H5461, H7101, H8269
Hebrew: שִׁלְטוֹן · shilṭôwn
Greek: ἄρχων · archōn

Strong’s and original-language information

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

שִׁלְטוֹן

H7984

Transliteration: shilṭôwn
Pronunciation: shil-tone'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 2

Glosses

ruler, ruler.

Lexicon definition

{a potentate}

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ἄρχων

G0758

Transliteration: archōn
Language: Greek
Part of speech: G:N-M
Indexed occurrences: 37

Glosses

ruler, chief (ruler), magistrate, prince, ruler

Lexicon definition

ἄρχων, -οντος, ὁ (present ptcp. of ἄρχω), [in LXX for נָשִׂיא., רֹאשׁ, שַׂר, etc. ;] a ruler, chief: Jesus, Rev.1:5; rulers of nations, Mat.20:25, Act.4:26 7:35; magistrates, Act.23:5, Rom.13:3; judges, Luk.12:58, Act.7:27, 35 16:19; members of the Sanhedrin, Luk.14:1 23:13, 35 24:20, Jhn.3:1 7:26, 48 12:42, Act.3:17 4:5, 8 13:27 14:5; rulers of synagogues, Mat.9:18, 23, Luk.8:41 18:18; οἱ ἄ. τ. αἰῶνος τούτου, 1Co.2:6-8; of the devil: ἄ. τῶν δαιμονίων, Mat.9:34 12:24, Mrk.3:22, Luk.11:15; ὁ ἄ. τοῦ κόσμου, Jhn.12:31 14:30 16:11; ἄ. τ. ἐξουσίας τ. ἀέρος, Eph.2:2 (MM, see word; DB, iii, 838; Ext., 99 f; DCG, ii, 419; DCG, see word Archon).† (AS)

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

δυνάστης

G1413

Transliteration: dunastēs
Language: Greek
Part of speech: G:N-M
Indexed occurrences: 3

Glosses

ruler, of great authority, mighty, potentate

Lexicon definition

δυνάστης, -ου, ὁ (δύναμαι), [in LXX for גִּבּוֹר, עָרִיץ, בַּיִת, etc. ;] a prince, ruler, potentate: Luk.1:52; of God (Sir.46:5, 16, 2Ma.15:3), 1Ti.6:15; of a high official (cf. δυνάσται Φαραώ, Gen.50:4), Act.8:27 (Cremer, 221).† (AS)

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ἡγεμών

G2232

Transliteration: hēgemōn
Language: Greek
Part of speech: G:N-M
Indexed occurrences: 20

Glosses

ruler, governor, prince, ruler

Lexicon definition

ἡγεμών, -όνος, ὁ (ἡγέομαι) [in LXX for אַלּוּף, שַׂר, etc. ;] __1. a leader, guide. __2. a commander. __3. a governor of a province (proconsul, proprietor, legate, or procurator; but cf. ἀνθύπατος): Mat.10:18, Mrk.13:9, Luk.21:12, 1Pe.2:14; of the Procurator of Judæa, Mat.27:2, 11 27:14-15, 21 27:27 28:14, Luk.20:20, Act.23:24, 26 23:33 24:1, 10 26:30. __4. For Heb. אַלְפֵי (LXX, χίλιαι) misread אַלֻּפֵי, leaders: Mat.2:6 (OT).† (AS)

A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

Ἄρχων

G0758

Transliteration: árchōn
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 37

Glosses

chief (ruler), magistrate, prince, ruler

Lexicon definition

one invested with power and dignity, chief, ruler, prince, magistrate, Mat. 9.23; 20.25, et al. freq.

A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

Δυνάστης

G1413

Transliteration: dynástēs
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 3

Glosses

of great authority, mighty, potentate

Lexicon definition

a potentate, sovereign, prince, Lu. 1.52. 1 Ti. 6.15; a person of rank and authority, a grandee, Ac. 8.27.

A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

Ἡγεμών

G2232

Transliteration: hēgemṓn
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 20

Glosses

governor, prince, ruler

Lexicon definition

a guide; a leader; a chieftain, prince, Mat. 2.6; a Roman provincial governor, under whatever title, Mat. 27.2, et al.

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

κοσμοκράτωρ

G2888

Transliteration: kosmokrátōr
Language: Greek
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

ruler

Lexicon definition

a world-ruler, an epithet of Satan

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

מִמְשָׁל

H4474

Transliteration: mimshâl
Pronunciation: mim-shawl'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 3

Glosses

dominion, ruler, dominion, that ruled.

Lexicon definition

a ruler or (abstractly) rule

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

נָגִיד

H5057

Transliteration: nâgîyd
Pronunciation: naw-gheed'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 43

Glosses

leader, one in front, ruler, prince, captain, chief, excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.

Lexicon definition

a commander (as occupying the front), civil, military or religious

generally (abstractly, plural), honorable themes

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

סָגָן

H5461

Transliteration: çâgân
Pronunciation: saw-gawn'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 17

Glosses

prefect, ruler, prince, ruler.

Lexicon definition

a prefect of a province

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

קָצִין

H7101

Transliteration: qâtsîyn
Pronunciation: kaw-tseen'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 12

Glosses

chief, ruler, captain, guide, prince, ruler. Compare H6278 (עֵת קָצִין).

Lexicon definition

a magistrate (as deciding) or other leader

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping

שַׂר

H8269

Transliteration: sar
Pronunciation: sar
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 421

Glosses

chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince, captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Lexicon definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

שִׁלְטוֹן

H7984

Transliteration: shilṭôwn
Pronunciation: shil-tone'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 2

Glosses

ruler.

Lexicon definition

{a potentate}

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

H5387

Transliteration: nâsîyʼ
Pronunciation: naw-see'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 134

Glosses

captain, chief, cloud, governor, prince, ruler, vapour.

Lexicon definition

properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik

also a rising mist

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

H7218

Transliteration: rôʼsh
Pronunciation: roshe
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 599

Glosses

band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.

Lexicon definition

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

H7219

Transliteration: rôʼsh
Pronunciation: roshe
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 12

Glosses

gall, hemlock, poison, venom.

Lexicon definition

a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head)

generally poison (even of serpents)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

H7220

Transliteration: Rôʼsh
Pronunciation: roshe
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 1

Glosses

Rosh.

Lexicon definition

Rosh, the name of an Israelite and of a foreign nation

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

שַׂר

H8269

Transliteration: sar
Pronunciation: sar
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 421

Glosses

captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Lexicon definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

H1368

Transliteration: gibbôwr
Pronunciation: ghib-bore'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 159

Glosses

champion, chief, [idiom] excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one), strong (man), valiant man.

Lexicon definition

powerful

by implication, warrior, tyrant

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

עָרִיץ

H6184

Transliteration: ʻârîyts
Pronunciation: aw-reets'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 20

Glosses

mighty, oppressor, in great power, strong, terrible, violent.

Lexicon definition

fearful, i.e. powerful or tyrannical

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

בַּיִת

H1004

Transliteration: bayith
Pronunciation: bah'-yith
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 2,047

Glosses

court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Lexicon definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

בַּיִת

H1005

Transliteration: bayith
Pronunciation: bah-yith
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 44

Glosses

house.

Lexicon definition

{a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)}

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

בַּיִת

H1006

Transliteration: Bayith
Pronunciation: bah'-yith
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 0

Glosses

Bajith.

Lexicon definition

Bajith, a place in Palestine

Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

אַלּוּף

H0441

Transliteration: ʼallûwph
Pronunciation: al-loof'
Language: Hebrew
Indexed occurrences: 69

Glosses

captain, duke, (chief) friend, governor, guide, ox.

Lexicon definition

familiar

a friend, also gentle

hence, a bullock (as being tame

applied, although masculine, to a cow)

and so, a chieftain (as notable, like neat cattle)

Concordance

Strong's Concordance

Ruler

Indexed occurrences: 74

Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources

Strong's Concordance

Rulers

Indexed occurrences: 71

Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources

All Scripture references565 references

Genesis 26

1 Samuel 24

2 Samuel 16

2 Samuel 2:8 2 Samuel 3:38 2 Samuel 4:2 2 Samuel 5:2 2 Samuel 6:21 2 Samuel 7:8 2 Samuel 10:3 2 Samuel 10:16 2 Samuel 10:18 2 Samuel 18:1 2 Samuel 18:5 2 Samuel 19:7 2 Samuel 19:14 2 Samuel 23:19 2 Samuel 24:2 2 Samuel 24:4

1 Kings 29

2 Kings 28

1 Chronicles 51

1 Chronicles 5:2 1 Chronicles 9:11 1 Chronicles 9:20 1 Chronicles 11:2 1 Chronicles 11:6 1 Chronicles 11:21 1 Chronicles 12:19 1 Chronicles 12:22 1 Chronicles 12:28 1 Chronicles 12:29 1 Chronicles 12:35 1 Chronicles 13:1 1 Chronicles 15:5 1 Chronicles 15:6 1 Chronicles 15:7 1 Chronicles 15:8 1 Chronicles 15:9 1 Chronicles 15:10 1 Chronicles 15:16 1 Chronicles 15:22 1 Chronicles 15:25 1 Chronicles 15:27 1 Chronicles 17:7 1 Chronicles 19:3 1 Chronicles 19:16 1 Chronicles 19:18 1 Chronicles 21:2 1 Chronicles 22:17 1 Chronicles 23:2 1 Chronicles 24:5 1 Chronicles 24:6 1 Chronicles 25:1 1 Chronicles 26:6 1 Chronicles 26:24 1 Chronicles 26:26 1 Chronicles 27:1 1 Chronicles 27:3 1 Chronicles 27:4 1 Chronicles 27:5 1 Chronicles 27:8 1 Chronicles 27:16 1 Chronicles 27:22 1 Chronicles 27:31 1 Chronicles 27:34 1 Chronicles 28:1 1 Chronicles 28:4 1 Chronicles 28:21 1 Chronicles 29:6 1 Chronicles 29:12 1 Chronicles 29:22 1 Chronicles 29:24

2 Chronicles 54

2 Chronicles 1:2 2 Chronicles 6:5 2 Chronicles 8:9 2 Chronicles 8:10 2 Chronicles 11:11 2 Chronicles 11:22 2 Chronicles 12:5 2 Chronicles 12:6 2 Chronicles 12:10 2 Chronicles 16:4 2 Chronicles 17:7 2 Chronicles 17:14 2 Chronicles 17:15 2 Chronicles 18:25 2 Chronicles 18:30 2 Chronicles 18:31 2 Chronicles 18:32 2 Chronicles 19:11 2 Chronicles 21:4 2 Chronicles 21:9 2 Chronicles 22:8 2 Chronicles 23:1 2 Chronicles 23:9 2 Chronicles 23:13 2 Chronicles 23:14 2 Chronicles 23:20 2 Chronicles 24:10 2 Chronicles 24:17 2 Chronicles 24:23 2 Chronicles 25:5 2 Chronicles 26:11 2 Chronicles 28:7 2 Chronicles 28:14 2 Chronicles 28:21 2 Chronicles 29:20 2 Chronicles 29:30 2 Chronicles 30:2 2 Chronicles 30:6 2 Chronicles 30:12 2 Chronicles 30:24 2 Chronicles 31:8 2 Chronicles 31:12 2 Chronicles 31:13 2 Chronicles 32:3 2 Chronicles 32:6 2 Chronicles 32:21 2 Chronicles 32:31 2 Chronicles 33:11 2 Chronicles 33:14 2 Chronicles 34:8 2 Chronicles 35:8 2 Chronicles 35:9 2 Chronicles 36:14 2 Chronicles 36:18

Ezra 10

Ezra 7:28 Ezra 8:20 Ezra 8:24 Ezra 8:25 Ezra 8:29 Ezra 9:1 Ezra 9:2 Ezra 10:5 Ezra 10:8 Ezra 10:14

Nehemiah 27

Esther 13

Esther 1:3 Esther 1:11 Esther 1:14 Esther 1:16 Esther 1:18 Esther 1:21 Esther 2:18 Esther 3:1 Esther 3:12 Esther 5:11 Esther 6:9 Esther 8:9 Esther 9:3

Job 7

Job 3:15 Job 29:9 Job 29:10 Job 31:37 Job 34:19 Job 38:28 Job 39:25

Psalms 16

Psalms 2:2 Psalms 8:6 Psalms 45:17 Psalms 58:1 Psalms 68:28 Psalms 76:13 Psalms 82:7 Psalms 105:20 Psalms 105:21 Psalms 105:22 Psalms 119:23 Psalms 119:161 Psalms 135:10 Psalms 136:20 Psalms 141:6 Psalms 148:11

Proverbs 12

Proverbs 6:7 Proverbs 8:15 Proverbs 8:16 Proverbs 17:7 Proverbs 19:10 Proverbs 23:1 Proverbs 25:15 Proverbs 28:2 Proverbs 28:15 Proverbs 28:16 Proverbs 29:12 Proverbs 31:4

Ecclesiastes 6

Ecclesiastes 7:19 Ecclesiastes 9:17 Ecclesiastes 10:5 Ecclesiastes 10:7 Ecclesiastes 10:16 Ecclesiastes 10:17

Isaiah 29

Jeremiah 58

Lamentations 4

Lamentations 1:6 Lamentations 2:2 Lamentations 2:9 Lamentations 5:12

Ezekiel 8

Ezekiel 11:1 Ezekiel 17:12 Ezekiel 22:27 Ezekiel 23:6 Ezekiel 23:12 Ezekiel 23:23 Ezekiel 28:2 Ezekiel 31:11

Daniel 32

Hosea 10

Hosea 3:4 Hosea 4:18 Hosea 5:10 Hosea 7:3 Hosea 7:5 Hosea 7:7 Hosea 7:16 Hosea 8:10 Hosea 9:15 Hosea 13:10

Amos 4

Amos 1:5 Amos 1:8 Amos 1:15 Amos 2:3

Micah 5

Micah 3:1 Micah 3:9 Micah 4:8 Micah 5:2 Micah 7:3

Nahum 1

Nahum 3:18

Habakkuk 2

Habakkuk 1:10 Habakkuk 1:14

Zephaniah 2

Zephaniah 1:8 Zephaniah 3:3

Zechariah 1

Zechariah 10:4

Matthew 2

Matthew 2:6 Matthew 20:25

Mark 5

Mark 3:6 Mark 5:22 Mark 5:43 Mark 8:15 Mark 10:42

Luke 9

Luke 1:52 Luke 8:41 Luke 12:11 Luke 18:18 Luke 18:23 Luke 20:20 Luke 23:13 Luke 23:35 Luke 24:20

John 5

John 1:12 John 7:26 John 7:48 John 8:41 John 10:11

Acts 11

Acts 4:1 Acts 4:5 Acts 4:8 Acts 4:26 Acts 7:10 Acts 7:27 Acts 7:35 Acts 13:27 Acts 14:5 Acts 23:5 Acts 28:16

Romans 1

Romans 13:3

1 Corinthians 2

1 Corinthians 2:6 1 Corinthians 2:8

Ephesians 3

Ephesians 2:2 Ephesians 3:10 Ephesians 6:12

Colossians 2

Colossians 1:16 Colossians 2:10

Titus 1

Titus 3:1

Revelation 1

Revelation 1:5

Topical Bible

Nave's Topical Bible

RULER

Entry:

Nave’s Topical Bible references for RULER.

Indexed references: 11

Scripture references:

Numbers 21:33 Deuteronomy 3:11 Joshua 12:4 Deuteronomy 1:4 Joshua 2:10 Psalms 135:10 Numbers 32:33 Deuteronomy 3:8 1 Kings 4:19 Nehemiah 9:22 Psalms 136:20

Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources

Nave's Topical Bible

RULERS

Entry:

Nave’s Topical Bible references for RULERS.

Indexed references: 1

Scripture references:

Daniel 4

Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources

Scripture Connections

Matthew 2:6

Matthew cites Micah when identifying Bethlehem as the ruler's birthplace.

Sources

Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
Historical Reference: concordance
Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
Historical Reference: Installed reference work
UNLEARN Synthesis: UNLEARN reviewed seed connections

Ancient Context5 items

Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Simon Confederated Himself With Antiochus Pius, And Made War Against Trypho, And A Little Afterward, Against Cendebeus, The General Of Antiochus's Army; As Also How Simon Was Murdered By His Son- In-Law Ptolemy, And That By Treachery.

Antiquities Book 13, Chapter 7

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Demetrius Eucerus Overcame Alexander And Yet In A Little Time Retired Out Of The Country For Fear; As Also How Alexander Slew Many Of The Jews And Thereby Got Clear Of His Troubles. Concerning The Death Of Demetrius.

Antiquities Book 13, Chapter 14

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Crassus Came Into Judea, And Pillaged The Temple; And Then Marched Against The Parthians And Perished, With His Army. Also How Cassius Obtained Syria, And Put A Stop To The Parthians And Then Went Up To Judea.

Antiquities Book 14, Chapter 7

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

How Herod Rebuilt The Temple And Raised It Higher And Made It More Magnificent Than It Was Before; As Also Concerning That Tower Which He Called Antonia.

Antiquities Book 15, Chapter 11

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Josephus Antiquities Whiston

What Things King Agrippa Did For Claudius; And How Claudius When He Had Taken The Government Commanded The Murderers Of Caius To Be Slain.

Antiquities Book 19, Chapter 4

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RULER

Nave’s Topical Bible references for RULER.

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Topic

RULERS

Nave’s Topical Bible references for RULERS.

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Dictionary

Captain

(1.) Heb. sar (1 Sam. 22:2; 2 Sam. 23:19). Rendered "chief," Gen. 40:2; 41:9; rendered also "prince," Dan. 1:7; "ruler," Judg. 9:30; "governor,' 1 Kings 22:26. This same Hebrew word denotes a military captain (Ex. 18:21; 2 Kings 1:9; Deut. 1:15; 1 Sam. 18:13, etc.), the "captain of the body-guard" (Gen. 37:36; 39:1; 41:10; Jer. 40:1), or, as the word may be rendered, "chief of the executioners" (marg.). The officers of the king's body-guard frequently acted as executioners. Nebuzar-adan (Jer. 39:13) and Arioch (Dan. 2:14) held this office in Babylon. The "captain of the guard" mentioned in Acts 28:16 was the Praetorian prefect, the commander of the Praetorian troops. (2.) Another word (Heb. katsin) so translated denotes sometimes a military (Josh. 10:24; Judg. 11:6, 11; Isa. 22:3 "rulers;" Dan. 11:18) and sometimes a civil command, a judge, magistrate, Arab. kady, (Isa. 1:10; 3:6; Micah 3:1, 9). (3.) It is also the rendering of a Hebrew word (shalish) meaning "a third man," or "one of three." The LXX. render in plural by tristatai; i.e., "soldiers fighting from chariots," so called because each war-chariot contained three men, one of whom acted as charioteer while the other two fought (Ex. 14:7; 15:4; 1 Kings 9:22; comp. 2 Kings 9:25). This word is used also to denote the king's body-guard (2 Kings 10:25; 1 Chr. 12:18; 2 Chr. 11:11) or aides-de-camp. (4.) The "captain of the temple" mentioned in Acts 4:1 and 5:24 was not a military officer, but superintendent of the guard of priests and Levites who kept watch in the temple by night. (Comp. "the ruler of the house of God," 1 Chr. 9:11; 2 Chr. 31:13; Neh. 11:11.) (5.) The Captain of our salvation is a name given to our Lord (Heb. 2:10), because he is the author and source of our salvation, the head of his people, whom he is conducting to glory. The "captain of the Lord's host" (Josh. 5:14, 15) is the name given to that mysterious person who manifested himself to Abraham (Gen. 12:7), and to Moses in the bush (Ex. 3:2, 6, etc.) the Angel of the covenant. (See [101]ANGEL.)

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Esh-baal

the fire of the idol, or of the ruler

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Father

A name applied (1) to any ancestor (Deut. 1:11; 1 Kings 15:11; Matt. 3:9; 23:30, etc.); and (2) as a title of respect to a chief, ruler, or elder, etc. (Judg. 17:10; 18:19; 1 Sam. 10:12; 2 Kings 2:12; Matt. 23:9, etc.). (3) The author or beginner of anything is also so called; e.g., Jabal and Jubal (Gen. 4:20, 21; comp. Job 38:28). Applied to God (Ex. 4:22; Deut. 32:6; 2 Sam. 7:14; Ps. 89:27, 28, etc.). (1.) As denoting his covenant relation to the Jews (Jer. 31:9; Isa. 63:16; 64:8; John 8:41, etc.). (2.) Believers are called God's "sons" (John 1:12; Rom. 8:16; Matt. 6:4, 8, 15, 18; 10:20, 29). They also call him "Father" (Rom. 1:7; 1 Cor. 1:3; 2 Cor. 1:2; Gal. 1:4)

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Herdsman

In Egypt herdsmen were probably of the lowest caste. Some of Joseph's brethren were made rulers over Pharaoh's cattle (Gen. 47:6, 17). The Israelites were known in Egypt as "keepers of cattle;" and when they left it they took their flocks and herds with them (Ex. 12:38). Both David and Saul came from "following the herd" to occupy the throne (1 Sam. 9; 11:5; Ps. 78:70). David's herd-masters were among his chief officers of state. The daughters also of wealthy chiefs were wont to tend the flocks of the family (Gen. 29:9; Ex. 2:16). The "chief of the herdsmen" was in the time of the monarchy an officer of high rank (1 Sam. 21:7; comp. 1 Chr. 27:29). The herdsmen lived in tents (Isa. 38:12; Jer. 6:3); and there were folds for the cattle (Num. 32:16), and watch-towers for the herdsmen, that he might therefrom observe any coming danger (Micah 4:8; Nah. 3:8).

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Herodians

A Jewish political party who sympathized with (Mark 3:6; 12:13; Matt, 22:16; Luke 20:20) the Herodian rulers in their general policy of government, and in the social customs which they introduced from Rome. They were at one with the Sadducees in holding the duty of submission to Rome, and of supporting the Herods on the throne. (Comp. Mark 8:15; Matt. 16:6.)

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Hill of Evil Counsel

On the south of the Valley of Hinnom. It is so called from a tradition that the house of the high priest Caiaphas, when the rulers of the Jews resolved to put Christ to death, stood here.

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Hoshea

Salvation. (1.) The original name of the son of Nun, afterwards called Joshua (Num. 13:8, 16; Deut. 32:44). (2.) 1 Chr. 27:20. The ruler of Ephraim in David's time. (3.) The last king of Israel. He conspired against and slew his predecessor, Pekah (Isa. 7:16), but did not ascend the throne till after an interregnum of warfare of eight years (2 Kings 17:1, 2). Soon after this he submitted to Shalmaneser, the Assyrian king, who a second time invaded the land to punish Hoshea, because of his withholding tribute which he had promised to pay. A second revolt brought back the Assyrian king Sargon, who besieged Samaria, and carried the ten tribes away beyond the Euphrates, B.C. 720 (2 Kings 17:5, 6; 18:9-12). No more is heard of Hoshea. He disappeared like "foam upon the water" (Hos. 10:7; 13:11).

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Jairus

A ruler of the synagogue at Capernaum, whose only daughter Jesus restored to life (Mark 5:22; Luke 8:41). Entering into the chamber of death, accompanied by Peter and James and John and the father and mother of the maiden, he went forward to the bed whereon the corpse lay, and said, Talitha cumi, i.e., "Maid, arise," and immediately the spirit of the maiden came to her again, and she arose straightway; and "at once to strengthen that life which had come back to her, and to prove that she was indeed no ghost, but had returned to the realities of a mortal existence, he commanded to give her something to eat" (Mark 5:43).

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Judge

(Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul (Judg. 2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. "The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim (Num. 27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they bore no external marks of dignity. The only cases of direct divine appointment are those of Gideon and Samson, and the latter stood in the peculiar position of having been from before his birth ordained to begin to deliver Israel.' Deborah was called to deliver Israel, but was already a judge. Samuel was called by the Lord to be a prophet but not a judge, which ensued from the high gifts the people recognized as dwelling in him; and as to Eli, the office of judge seems to have devolved naturally or rather ex officio upon him." Of five of the judges, Tola (Judg. 10:1), Jair (3), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15), we have no record at all beyond the bare fact that they were judges. Sacred history is not the history of individuals but of the kingdom of God in its onward progress. In Ex. 2:14 Moses is so styled. This fact may indicate that while for revenue purposes the "taskmasters" were over the people, they were yet, just as at a later time when under the Romans, governed by their own rulers.

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Kirjath-baal

city of Baal, or of a ruler

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Midianite

An Arabian tribe descended from Midian. They inhabited principally the desert north of the peninsula of Arabia. The peninsula of Sinai was the pasture-ground for their flocks. They were virtually the rulers of Arabia, being the dominant tribe. Like all Arabians, they were a nomad people. They early engaged in commercial pursuits. It was to one of their caravans that Joseph was sold (Gen. 37:28, 36). The next notice of them is in connection with Moses' flight from Egypt (Ex. 2:15-21). Here in Midian Moses became the servant and afterwards the son-in-law of Reuel or Jethro, the priest. After the Exodus, the Midianites were friendly to the Israelites so long as they traversed only their outlying pasture-ground on the west of the Arabah; but when, having passed the southern end of Edom, they entered into the land of Midian proper, they joined with Balak, the king of Moab, in a conspiracy against them (Num. 22:4-7). Balaam, who had been sent for to curse Israel, having utterly failed to do so, was dismissed by the king of Moab; nevertheless he still tarried among the Midianites, and induced them to enter into correspondence with the Israelites, so as to bring them into association with them in the licentious orgies connected with the worship of Baal-Peor. This crafty counsel prevailed. The Israelites took part in the heathen festival, and so brought upon themselves a curse indeed. Their apostasy brought upon them a severe punishment. A plague broke out amongst them, and more than twenty-four thousand of the people perished (Num. 25:9). But the Midianites were not to be left unpunished. A terrible vengeance was denounced against them. A thousand warriors from each tribe, under the leadership of Phinehas, went forth against them. The Midianites were utterly routed. Their cities were consumed by fire, five of their kings were put to death, and the whole nation was destroyed (Josh. 13:21, 22). Balaam also perished by the sword, receiving the "wages of his unrighteousness" (Num. 31:8; 2 Pet. 2:15). The whole of the country on the east of Jordan, now conquered by the Israelites (see [400]SIHON; [401]OG), was divided between the two tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh. Some two hundred and fifty years after this the Midianites had regained their ancient power, and in confederation with the Amalekites and the "children of the east" they made war against their old enemies the Israelites, whom for seven years they oppressed and held in subjection. They were at length assailed by Gideon in that ever-memorable battle in the great plain of Esdraelon, and utterly destroyed (Judg. 6:1-ch. 7). Frequent allusions are afterwards made to this great victory (Ps. 83:10, 12; Isa. 9:4; 10:6). They now wholly pass away from the page of history both sacred and profane.

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Pahath-Moab

ruler of Moab

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Pekod

noble; rulers

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Sceptre

(Heb. shebet = Gr. skeptron), properly a staff or rod. As a symbol of authority, the use of the sceptre originated in the idea that the ruler was as a shepherd of his people (Gen. 49:10; Num. 24:17; Ps. 45:6; Isa. 14:5). There is no example on record of a sceptre having ever been actually handled by a Jewish king.

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Shepherd

A word naturally of frequent occurence in Scripture. Sometimes the word "pastor" is used instead (Jer. 2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 12:10; 17:16). This word is used figuratively to represent the relation of rulers to their subjects and of God to his people (Ps. 23:1; 80:1; Isa. 40:11; 44:28; Jer. 25:34, 35; Nahum 3:18; John 10:11, 14; Heb. 13:20; 1 Pet. 2:25; 5:4). The duties of a shepherd in an unenclosed country like Palestine were very onerous. "In early morning he led forth the flock from the fold, marching at its head to the spot where they were to be pastured. Here he watched them all day, taking care that none of the sheep strayed, and if any for a time eluded his watch and wandered away from the rest, seeking diligently till he found and brought it back. In those lands sheep require to be supplied regularly with water, and the shepherd for this purpose has to guide them either to some running stream or to wells dug in the wilderness and furnished with troughs. At night he brought the flock home to the fold, counting them as they passed under the rod at the door to assure himself that none were missing. Nor did his labours always end with sunset. Often he had to guard the fold through the dark hours from the attack of wild beasts, or the wily attempts of the prowling thief (see 1 Sam. 17:34).", Deane's David.

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Villages

(Judg. 5:7, 11). The Hebrew word thus rendered (perazon) means habitations in the open country, unwalled villages (Deut. 3:5; 1 Sam. 6:18). Others, however, following the LXX. and the Vulgate versions, render the word "rulers."

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Concordance

Ruler

Rulers

Genesis 26

Exodus 5

Numbers 19

Deuteronomy 5

Joshua 6

Judges 13

1 Samuel 24

2 Samuel 16

1 Kings 29

2 Kings 28

1 Chronicles 51

2 Chronicles 54

Ezra 10

Nehemiah 27

Esther 13

Job 7

Psalms 16

Proverbs 12

Ecclesiastes 6

Isaiah 29

Jeremiah 58

Lamentations 4

Ezekiel 8

Daniel 32

Hosea 10