Shema
Shema means "hear," but biblical Hebrew often carries the additional implication of listening with the intention to respond or obey.
SUBJECT · Complete Bible Study
Witness
More than one witness was required in criminal cases (Deut. 17:6; This unified study connects 7 installed resource categories without replacing their source records.
View overview sources
- Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
- Historical Reference: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)
- Historical Reference: concordance
- Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
- Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
- Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
- Historical Reference: Installed reference work
FEATURED STUDY · Resource Coverage 86/100
Follow the evidence
Move from the subject to its key Scripture, original-language evidence, and connected studies. The trail organizes research without deciding a theological conclusion.
1. Examine the Text2. Check the Context3. Test the Tradition4. Follow the Evidence5. Reach the Verdict
Study overview
Study at a glance
- Subject type
- Subject
- Strong’s
- H5707, H7717, G3144, H5715, H8085, G1263, G3141, G3142
- Hebrew
- עֵד · ʻêd
- Greek
- μάρτυς · martus
Grafted biblical context
Concept articles connected to this study
Strong’s and original-language information
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
עֵד
- Transliteration
- ʻêd
- Pronunciation
- ayd
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 69
Glosses
witness, reiterating, emphatically affirming, witness.
Lexicon definition
concretely, a witness
abstractly, testimony
specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince
abstractly, testimony
specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
שָׂהֵד
- Transliteration
- sâhêd
- Pronunciation
- saw-hade'
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 1
Glosses
witness, record.
Lexicon definition
a witness
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
μάρτυς
- Transliteration
- martus
- Language
- Greek
- Part of speech
- G:N-M
- Indexed occurrences
- 35
Glosses
witness, martyr, record, witness
Lexicon definition
μάρτυς (Æolic μάρτυρ), -υρος, ὁ (also ἡ), [in LXX for עֵד ;] a witness: Act.10:41, 1Ti.6:12, 2Ti.2:2, Heb.12:1 (Westc., in l); in forensic sense, Mat.18:16 26:65, Mrk.14:63, Act.6:13 7:58, 2Co.13:1, 1Ti.5:19, Heb.10:28; with genitive obj., Luk.24:48, Act.1:22 2:32 3:15 5:32 10:39 26:16, 1Pe.5:1; with genitive poss., Act.1:8 13:31, Rev.11:3; with dative of person(s), Luk.11:48, Act.22:15; of Christ, Rev.1:5 3:14; of God, Rom.1:9, 2Co.1:23, Php.1:8, 1Th.2:5 2:10; of those who have witnessed for Christ by their death (in later Xn. lit., martyr: Swete, Ap., 35), Act.22:20, Rev.2:13 17:6.† (AS)
A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
Μάρτυς
- Transliteration
- mártys
- Language
- Greek
- Indexed occurrences
- 35
Glosses
martyr, record, witness
Lexicon definition
a judicial witness, deponent, Mat. 18.16. He. 10.28, et al.; generally, a witness to a circumstance, Lu. 24.48. Ac. 10.41, et al.; in N.T., a witness, a testifier of a doctrine, Re. 1.5; 3.14; 11.3; a martyr, Ac. 22.20. Re. 2.13.
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
עֵדוּת
- Transliteration
- ʻêdûwth
- Pronunciation
- ay-dooth'
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 83
Glosses
testimony, witness.
Lexicon definition
testimony
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
שָׁמַע
- Transliteration
- shâmaʻ
- Pronunciation
- shaw-mah'
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 1,159
Glosses
[idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
Lexicon definition
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.
causatively, to tell, etc.)
causatively, to tell, etc.)
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
διαμαρτύρομαι
- Transliteration
- diamartýromai
- Language
- Greek
- Indexed occurrences
- 15
Glosses
charge, testify (unto), witness
Lexicon definition
to attest or protest earnestly, or (by implication) hortatively
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
μαρτυρία
- Transliteration
- martyría
- Language
- Greek
- Indexed occurrences
- 37
Glosses
record, report, testimony, witness
Lexicon definition
evidence given (judicially or genitive case)
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
μαρτύριον
- Transliteration
- martýrion
- Language
- Greek
- Indexed occurrences
- 19
Glosses
to be testified, testimony, witness
Lexicon definition
something evidential, i.e. (genitive case) evidence given or (specially), the Decalogue (in the sacred Tabernacle)
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
עֵד
- Transliteration
- ʻêd
- Pronunciation
- ayd
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 69
Glosses
witness.
Lexicon definition
concretely, a witness
abstractly, testimony
specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince
abstractly, testimony
specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince
Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon
עֵד
- Transliteration
- ʻêd
- Pronunciation
- ayd
- Language
- Hebrew
- Indexed occurrences
- 1
Glosses
filthy.
Lexicon definition
the menstrual flux (as periodical)
by implication (in plural) soiling
by implication (in plural) soiling
Complete dictionary entries
Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)
Witness
More than one witness was required in criminal cases (Deut. 17:6; 19:15). They were the first to execute the sentence on the condemned (Deut. 13:9; 17:7; 1 Kings 21:13; Matt. 27:1; Acts 7:57, 58). False witnesses were liable to punishment (Deut. 19:16-21). It was also an offence to refuse to bear witness (Lev. 5:1).
Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897) · View data sources
Concordance
Strong's Concordance
Witness
Indexed occurrences: 72
Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources
Strong's Concordance
Witnesses
Indexed occurrences: 57
Source: Strong's Concordance · View data sources
All Scripture references162 references
Genesis 6
Exodus 5
Leviticus 2
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 13
Joshua 5
Judges 1
Ruth 4
1 Samuel 4
1 Kings 2
2 Kings 1
Job 3
Psalms 6
Proverbs 11
Isaiah 10
Jeremiah 7
Micah 1
Malachi 2
Matthew 6
Mark 4
Luke 19
John 3
Acts 17
Romans 2
1 Corinthians 1
2 Corinthians 2
Philippians 1
1 Thessalonians 2
1 Timothy 2
2 Timothy 1
Titus 1
Hebrews 2
1 Peter 1
1 John 2
Revelation 10
Topical Bible
Nave's Topical Bible
WITNESS
Entry:
Nave’s Topical Bible references for WITNESS.
Indexed references: 24
Scripture references:
Leviticus 5:1Proverbs 18:17Exodus 22:11Numbers 5:191 Kings 8:31Leviticus 24:14Numbers 35:30Deuteronomy 17:6Matthew 18:16John 8:172 Corinthians 13:11 Timothy 5:19Hebrews 10:28Deuteronomy 13:9Acts 7:58Genesis 21:25Ruth 4:1Jeremiah 32:9Ruth 4:10Isaiah 8:2Psalms 15:4Matthew 28:11Acts 6:11Revelation 11:3
Source: Nave's Topical Bible · View data sources
Sources
- Historical Reference: Nave’s Topical Bible — Public domain
- Historical Reference: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)
- Historical Reference: concordance
- Historical Reference: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible lexical data / BDB-Strong mapping
- Historical Reference: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)
- Historical Reference: A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament
- Historical Reference: Installed reference work
Ancient Context4 items
Josephus Antiquities Whiston
How Those That Stirred Up This Sedition Were Destroyed, According To The Will Of God; And How Aaron, Moses's Brother Both He And His Posterity, Retained The Priesthood.
Antiquities Book 4, Chapter 3
Read ancient context →Josephus Antiquities Whiston
The Polity Settled By Moses; And How He Disappeared From Among Mankind.
Antiquities Book 4, Chapter 8
Read ancient context →Josephus Antiquities Whiston
The Jews Become Confederates With Cæsar When He Fought Against Egypt. The Glorious Actions Of Antipater, And His Friendship With Cæsar. The Honors Which The Jews Received From The Romans And Athenians.
Antiquities Book 14, Chapter 8
Read ancient context →Josephus Antiquities Whiston
The Honors That Were Paid The Jews; And The Leagues That Were Made By The Romans And Other Nations, With Them.
Antiquities Book 14, Chapter 10
Read ancient context →Related UNLEARN Content19 items
Topic
FALSE WITNESS
Nave’s Topical Bible references for FALSE WITNESS.
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WITNESS
Nave’s Topical Bible references for WITNESS.
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Adaiah
the witness of the Lord
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Addi
my witness; adorned; prey
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Adiel
the witness of the Lord
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Adlai
my witness; my ornament
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Amad
people of witness; a prey
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Ed
witness
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Elead
witness of God
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Galeed
the heap of witness
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Jegar-sahadutha
heap of witness
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Luke, Gospel according to
Was written by Luke. He does not claim to have been an eye-witness of our Lord's ministry, but to have gone to the best sources of information within his reach, and to have written an orderly narrative of the facts (Luke 1:1-4). The authors of the first three Gospels, the synoptics, wrote independently of each other. Each wrote his independent narrative under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Each writer has some things, both in matter and style, peculiar to himself, yet all the three have much in common. Luke's Gospel has been called "the Gospel of the nations, full of mercy and hope, assured to the world by the love of a suffering Saviour;" "the Gospel of the saintly life;" "the Gospel for the Greeks; the Gospel of the future; the Gospel of progressive Christianity, of the universality and gratuitousness of the gospel; the historic Gospel; the Gospel of Jesus as the good Physician and the Saviour of mankind;" the "Gospel of the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man;" "the Gospel of womanhood;" "the Gospel of the outcast, of the Samaritan, the publican, the harlot, and the prodigal;" "the Gospel of tolerance." The main characteristic of this Gospel, as Farrar (Cambridge Bible, Luke, Introd.) remarks, is fitly expressed in the motto, "Who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil" (Acts 10:38; comp. Luke 4:18). Luke wrote for the "Hellenic world." This Gospel is indeed "rich and precious." "Out of a total of 1151 verses, Luke has 389 in common with Matthew and Mark, 176 in common with Matthew alone, 41 in common with Mark alone, leaving 544 peculiar to himself. In many instances all three use identical language." (See [363]MATTHEW; [364]MARK; [365]GOSPELS.) There are seventeen of our Lord's parables peculiar to this Gospel. (See List of Parables in Appendix.) Luke also records seven of our Lord's miracles which are omitted by Matthew and Mark. (See List of Miracles in Appendix.) The synoptical Gospels are related to each other after the following scheme. If the contents of each Gospel be represented by 100, then when compared this result is obtained: Mark has 7 peculiarities, 93 coincidences. Matthew 42 peculiarities, 58 coincidences. Luke 59 peculiarities, 41 coincidences. That is, thirteen-fourteenths of Mark, four-sevenths of Matthew, and two-fifths of Luke are taken up in describing the same things in very similar language. Luke's style is more finished and classical than that of Matthew and Mark. There is less in it of the Hebrew idiom. He uses a few Latin words (Luke 12:6; 7:41; 8:30; 11:33; 19:20), but no Syriac or Hebrew words except sikera, an exciting drink of the nature of wine, but not made of grapes (from Heb. shakar, "he is intoxicated", Lev. 10:9), probably palm wine. This Gospel contains twenty-eight distinct references to the Old Testament. The date of its composition is uncertain. It must have been written before the Acts, the date of the composition of which is generally fixed at about 63 or 64 A.D. This Gospel was written, therefore, probably about 60 or 63, when Luke may have been at Caesarea in attendance on Paul, who was then a prisoner. Others have conjectured that it was written at Rome during Paul's imprisonment there. But on this point no positive certainty can be attained. It is commonly supposed that Luke wrote under the direction, if not at the dictation of Paul. Many words and phrases are common to both; e.g., compare: Luke 4:22; with Col. 4:6. Luke 4:32; with 1 Cor. 2:4. Luke 6:36; with 2 Cor. 1:3. Luke 6:39; with Rom. 2:19. Luke 9:56; with 2 Cor. 10:8. Luke 10:8; with 1 Cor. 10:27. Luke 11:41; with Titus 1:15. Luke 18:1; with 2 Thess. 1:11. Luke 21:36; with Eph. 6:18. Luke 22:19, 20; with 1 Cor. 11:23-29. Luke 24:46; with Acts 17:3. Luke 24:34; with 1 Cor. 15:5.
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Martyr
One who bears witness of the truth, and suffers death in the cause of Christ (Acts 22:20; Rev. 2:13; 17:6). In this sense Stephen was the first martyr. The Greek word so rendered in all other cases is translated "witness." (1.) In a court of justice (Matt. 18:16; 26:65; Acts 6:13; 7:58; Heb. 10:28; 1 Tim. 5:19). (2.) As of one bearing testimony to the truth of what he has seen or known (Luke 24:48; Acts 1:8, 22; Rom. 1:9; 1 Thess. 2:5, 10; 1 John 1:2).
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Murder
Wilful murder was distinguished from accidental homicide, and was invariably visited with capital punishment (Num. 35:16, 18, 21, 31; Lev. 24:17). This law in its principle is founded on the fact of man's having been made in the likeness of God (Gen. 9:5, 6; John 8:44; 1 John 3:12, 15). The Mosiac law prohibited any compensation for murder or the reprieve of the murderer (Ex. 21:12, 14; Deut. 19:11, 13; 2 Sam. 17:25; 20:10). Two witnesses were required in any capital case (Num. 35:19-30; Deut. 17:6-12). If the murderer could not be discovered, the city nearest the scene of the murder was required to make expiation for the crime committed (Deut. 21:1-9). These offences also were to be punished with death, (1) striking a parent; (2) cursing a parent; (3) kidnapping (Ex. 21:15-17; Deut. 27:16).
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Noadiah
witness, or ornament, of the Lord
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Rainbow
Caused by the reflection and refraction of the rays of the sun shining on falling rain. It was appointed as a witness of the divine faithfulness (Gen. 9:12-17). It existed indeed before, but it was then constituted as a sign of the covenant. Others, however (as Delitzsch, Commentary on Pentateuch), think that it "appeared then for the first time in the vault and clouds of heaven." It is argued by those holding this opinion that the atmosphere was differently constituted before the Flood. It is referred to three other times in Scripture (Ezek. 1:27, 28; Rev. 4:1-3; 10:1).
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Testimony
(1.) Witness or evidence (2 Thess. 1:10). (2.) The Scriptures, as the revelation of God's will (2 Kings 11:12; Ps. 19:7; 119:88; Isa. 8:16, 20). (3.) The altar raised by the Gadites and Reubenites (Josh. 22:10).
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Witness of the Spirit
(Rom. 8:16), the consciousness of the gracious operation of the Spirit on the mind, "a certitude of the Spirit's presence and work continually asserted within us", manifested "in his comforting us, his stirring us up to prayer, his reproof of our sins, his drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world," etc.
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Witness
More than one witness was required in criminal cases (Deut. 17:6; 19:15). They were the first to execute the sentence on the condemned (Deut. 13:9; 17:7; 1 Kings 21:13; Matt. 27:1; Acts 7:57, 58). False witnesses were liable to punishment (Deut. 19:16-21). It was also an offence to refuse to bear witness (Lev. 5:1).
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