Grafted Biblical Concept · Concept

Forgiveness

ἄφεσις · Aphesis · G859

Forgiveness is God's gracious release of guilt and restoration of relationship following sin and repentance.

16 Scripture references3 lexical sources3 supporting resources

Primary Study

Grafted Bible Dictionary

Definition

Forgiveness is God's gracious release of guilt and restoration of relationship following sin and repentance.
Biblical vocabulary can include ideas of:
• releasing
• lifting
• carrying away
• pardoning

Torah

Forgiveness appears throughout the sacrificial system.
Leviticus repeatedly concludes prescribed rituals with statements that the person will be forgiven.

God's Character

Israel from slavery in Egypt under Torah.">Moses.">Exodus 34:6–7 presents God as merciful, gracious, and forgiving while also just.
This passage becomes one of the Tanakh's most frequently echoed descriptions of God.

Prophets

The New Covenant includes the promise:
"I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more."
— Jeremiah 31:34

Yeshua

Forgiveness is central to Yeshua's ministry.
See:
• Mark 2:5–12
• Matthew 6:12–15
• Luke 7:36–50
• Luke 23:34

Apostolic Writings

Forgiveness is proclaimed through Messiah.
See:
• Acts 2:38
• Acts 10:43
• Ephesians 1:7
• Colossians 1:14
Editorial source: Grafted Bible Dictionary · Entry 75

Hebrew and Greek Word Study

Greek Word Study

ἄφεσις

áphesis · G0859

Unified Lexical Definition

ἄφεσις, -εως, ἡ (ἀφίημι), [in LXX for יוֹבֵל, דְּרוֹר, etc. (see Deiss., BS, 98 ff.; MM, see word) ;] __1. dismissal, release: Luk.4:18. __2. Metaphorical, of sins (never in LXX), pardon, remission of penalty: ἁμαρτιῶν, Mat.26:28, Mrk.1:4, Luk.1:77 3:3 24:47, Act.2:38 5:31 10:43 13:38 26:18, Col.1:14; παραπτωμάτων, Eph.1:7; absol., Mrk.3:29, Heb.9:22 10:18 (cf. DB, ii, 56; DCG, i, 437, ii, 605; Cremer, 297 f.).† SYN.: πάρεσις, which see (and cf. Tr., § xxxiii) (AS) dismission, deliverance from captivity, Lu. 4.18, bis; remission, forgiveness, pardon, Mat. 26.28, et al.

Lexical Sources

TBESGSTEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)

ἄφεσις, -εως, ἡ (ἀφίημι), [in LXX for יוֹבֵל, דְּרוֹר, etc. (see Deiss., BS, 98 ff.; MM, see word) ;] __1. dismissal, release: Luk.4:18. __2. Metaphorical, of sins (never in LXX), pardon, remission of penalty: ἁμαρτιῶν, Mat.26:28, Mrk.1:4, Luk.1:77 3:3 24:47, Act.2:38 5:31 10:43 13:38 26:18, Col.1:14; παραπτωμάτων, Eph.1:7; absol., Mrk.3:29, Heb.9:22 10:18 (cf. DB, ii, 56; DCG, i, 437, ii, 605; Cremer, 297 f.).† SYN.: πάρεσις, which see (and cf. Tr., § xxxiii) (AS)

Lemma
ἄφεσις
Meaning
forgiveness
View original lexicon entry
{
    "type": "abbott-smith",
    "slug": "g0859",
    "title": "ἄφεσις",
    "source": "STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith)",
    "strong": "G0859",
    "language": "greek",
    "lemma": "ἄφεσις",
    "transliteration": "aphesis",
    "pronunciation": "",
    "part_of_speech": "G:N-F",
    "meaning": "",
    "description": "",
    "definition": "ἄφεσις, -εως, ἡ (ἀφίημι), [in LXX for יוֹבֵל, דְּרוֹר, etc. (see Deiss., BS, 98 ff.; MM, see word) ;] __1. dismissal, release: Luk.4:18. __2. Metaphorical, of sins (never in LXX), pardon, remission of penalty: ἁμαρτιῶν, Mat.26:28, Mrk.1:4, Luk.1:77 3:3 24:47, Act.2:38 5:31 10:43 13:38 26:18, Col.1:14; παραπτωμάτων, Eph.1:7; absol., Mrk.3:29, Heb.9:22 10:18 (cf. DB, ii, 56; DCG, i, 437, ii, 605; Cremer, 297 f.).† SYN.: πάρεσις, which see (and cf. Tr., § xxxiii) (AS)",
    "glosses": [
        "forgiveness",
        "deliverance, forgiveness, liberty, remission"
    ],
    "lexical_summary": [],
    "exhaustive_concordance": [],
    "brown_driver_briggs": [],
    "topical_lexicon": [],
    "occurrences": [],
    "references": [
        {
            "osis": "Luk.4.18.",
            "display": "Luk.4:18."
        },
        {
            "osis": "Mat.26.28",
            "display": "Mat.26:28"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Mrk.1.4",
            "display": "Mrk.1:4"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Luk.1.77; 3.3; 24.47",
            "display": "Luk.1:77 3:3 24:47"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Act.2.38; 5.31; 10.43; 13.38; 26.18",
            "display": "Act.2:38 5:31 10:43 13:38 26:18"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Col.1.14",
            "display": "Col.1:14"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Eph.1.7",
            "display": "Eph.1:7;"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Mrk.3.29",
            "display": "Mrk.3:29"
        },
        {
            "osis": "Heb.9.22; 10.18",
            "display": "Heb.9:22 10:18"
        }
    ],
    "occurrence_count": 17,
    "url": "bible/greek/g0859",
    "source_url": "https://github.com/openscriptures/strongs",
    "source_license": "CC BY-SA"
}
A GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICOA Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament

dismission, deliverance from captivity, Lu. 4.18, bis; remission, forgiveness, pardon, Mat. 26.28, et al.

View original lexicon entry
{
    "type": "greenfield",
    "slug": "greenfield-447e6fd217f9",
    "title": "Ἄφεσις",
    "source": "A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament",
    "strong": "G0859",
    "language": "greek",
    "lemma": "Ἄφεσις",
    "transliteration": "áphesis",
    "pronunciation": "",
    "part_of_speech": "",
    "meaning": "",
    "description": "",
    "definition": "dismission, deliverance from captivity, Lu. 4.18, bis; remission, forgiveness, pardon, Mat. 26.28, et al.",
    "glosses": [
        "deliverance, forgiveness, liberty, remission"
    ],
    "lexical_summary": [],
    "exhaustive_concordance": [],
    "brown_driver_briggs": [],
    "topical_lexicon": [],
    "occurrences": [],
    "references": [],
    "occurrence_count": 17,
    "url": "bible/greenfield/greenfield-447e6fd217f9",
    "source_url": "https://github.com/openscriptures/strongs",
    "source_license": "CC BY-SA"
}
STRONG'SStrong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

freedom (figuratively) pardon

View original lexicon entry
{
    "strongs": "G0859",
    "language": "greek",
    "lemma": "ἄφεσις",
    "transliteration": "áphesis",
    "pronunciation": "",
    "part_of_speech": "",
    "glosses": [
        "deliverance, forgiveness, liberty, remission"
    ],
    "definitions": [
        "freedom",
        "(figuratively) pardon"
    ],
    "administrator_commentary": "",
    "source": {
        "dataset": "Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon",
        "provider": "Open Scriptures",
        "url": "https://github.com/openscriptures/strongs",
        "license": "CC BY-SA"
    },
    "version": 1,
    "updated_at": "2026-08-05T10:41:54-05:00",
    "strong": "G0859"
}

New Testament Usage

17 occurrences

First listed reference: Luk.4.18.

View All Greek Occurrences

Sources: STEPBible TBESG (based primarily on Abbott-Smith) · A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament · Strong’s Hebrew and Greek Lexicon

Biblical Usage

Concordance and Scripture Usage

16Exact Lemma23Conceptual Relationship
Gospels · 7
Acts · 5
Epistles · 4

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